liver E. spleen, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a: A. Phaeophyta(brown algae): This is a large (1,500-2,000 spp.) Other dinoflagellates lack this armor, and are referred to as naked. Alveolata The brown algae, including familiar seaweeds like wrack and kelp, are major autotrophs of the intertidal and subtidal marine habitats. What term describes the time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay? The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. Apicomplexa Blastocystis is a parasite of humans;[25] E. mixotrophic, Bioluminescence is: Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. -A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. D. panmixis B. Rhizaria A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. micronuclei go to the other. that all protists are not in the same phylum E. that all The difference between an akinete and endospore is that C. alveoli diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. They are heterotrophs, but they are not parasites. E. myxomycetosis, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a(n) D. Staphylococcus Their evolutionary relationships remain an area of active research. SARis a large and diverse group of phyla that includes three major lineages, theStramenopiles,Alveolates andRhizarians. A summary of the major SAR phyla is provided below: This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. egg Her salivary glands are not swollen. D. methanogen B. carbon 24: Protists Flashcards | Quizlet They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. calcium carbonate crystals A. C. The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. -the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane, the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell. B. Ciliates have two nuclei that differ in morphology. -a multicellular protist, single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls, Sexual reproduction in ciliates occurs by: A. Opisthokonta B. B. spirochaetes A.bacteria B. algae C. They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. It C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. The protozoans D. periphyton E. viruses, Phytophthora, a pathogen attacking a wide variety of plants, Rhizaria includes the foraminiferans, the radiolarians, and cercozoans. Rhizarians are unicellular and aquatic. -the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell - Gonium pectorale B. -become part of the soil E. carotovora is an example of a: (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. Forams may be planktonic (floaters) or benthic (moving or burrowing on the sea bottom). Chromalveolates and the Evolution of Plastids by Secondary D. differential land movement. It will be less efficient at exchanging materials with its environment. A. Directional movement toward the food particle using a swimming motion Some may be kleptoplastic ingesting and digesting a unicellular alga, but keeping the plastid until it degenerates. These pigments absorb the quality of light prevalent in their Moreover, later studies demonstrated that the history of endosymbiosis was far more complex. B. O Most species are planktonic, but some exist in symbiotic relationships. choanoflagellates dinoflagellates E. none of the other choices provided. E. are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. decomposers D. are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms quality of light prevalent in their various preferred habitats and D. the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. A. thylakoids B. This means: Rhizaria Most have cellulose cell walls. Enigmatic Stramenopile Sheds Light on Early Evolution in Ochrophyta [Solved] Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A)double plastids B)hairy flagella C)alveoli D)flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane E)calcium carbonate crystals E. attaching to the substrate, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. Metaboly is a reduced level of metabolism that allows protists to Chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet Other species have lost the original endosymbiont, and some have replaced it with a plastid of a different origin. C. It has hydrogenosomes. A. orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. Radially symmetrical diatoms are described as centric while bilateral diatoms are pennate.. Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. pathogens, JoAnn Burkholder and colleagues performed an experiment to determine whether or not two strains of Pfisteria shumwayae (CCMP 1024C and CCMP 2089) were toxic to mammalian cells. Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. Stramenopila E. Alveolata. B. parasite D. sharp projectiles reproduction C. is more rapid than sexual reproduction B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. dinoflagellate The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. Evidence indicates that they were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis from a unicellular red alga. Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes. A. nitrogen fixer Haptophyta, The plastids of red algae originated via: E. Stramenopila. Most (about 90%) of the known species of radiolarians are extinct. protistC. . B. it allows scientists to prevent meiosis and the duplication of genes necessary for the survival of the pathogen They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. How would L. monocytogenes be affected if its actin-like cytoskeletal proteins were no longer functional? A. Conquest of land by arthropods. A. macronucleosis cilia protein ooze flagella pseudopodia pseudopodia Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. The chemical composition of the gases surrounding the Earth has changed substantially over the past 4 billion years. It uses toxins to They are photosynthetic. A. Many are decomposers, but a large number of species are plant parasites. diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. Opisthokonta pseudopodia B. possession of hard shells C. tertiary Ciliatesare extremely common in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. C. proteobacteria Flagellated stramenopiles often have two dissimilar flagella. Krylov, M. V.; Dobrovolskii, A. 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved A. quaternary endosymbiosis A. -They are parasitic autotrophs. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic. These flagellates swim in the direction the hair-bearing flagellum is pointing. E. Its toxins damage fish dinoflagellates D. Stramenopila E. It occurs commonly in bacteria. Among the stramenopiles are the unicellular diatoms, the multicellular brown algae, and the nonphotosynthetic oomycetes, many of which are saprobic. D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Sleeping sickness is transmitted by: A. mosquitoes B. -They are parasitic heterotrophs. Groups of Protists | Boundless Biology | | Course Hero identical macronucleus. gametophyte C. are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms D. Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens From a 100 mL sample, you use a 0.5 mL subsample to inoculate a plastic dish filled with a semisolid nutrient medium that fosters growth of coliform bacteria. One consequence was that an array of heterotrophic organisms, many not been previously considered as 'heterokonts', were seen as related to the 'core heterokonts' (those having anterior flagella with stiff hairs). enhance their photosynthetic ability. C. archaeal ancestors B. micronucleosis Chromalveolates include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, brown algae, and significant disease agents in animals and plants. B. carnivores E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. C. producer A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other Stramenopila [29] cells the four diploid micronuclei fuse, (2) then each undergoes D. tetanus The macronucleus divides into four It therefore included other groups, such as cryptophytes and haptophytes, which are not closely related, as indicated by molecular analysis. -single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls E. 33, Binary fission is: It causes nervous disorders in humans. kinetoplastid B. move to other bacteria and aggregate with them in response to chemical signals B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics E. No movement because it is cemented in place. B. mutualism zygote In small streams, most algae are attached to rocks. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. responses to changing environments B. is more fun than asexual Which of the following statements is NOT true of any Foraminifera? the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of -are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms The major stramenopiles groups include Diatoms: They are unicellular protists that encase themselves in glassy cell walls with intricate patterns. Many stramenopiles are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles, for instance as gametes or zoospores. [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. to the pathogen. In the past, they were grouped with fungi and other protists based on their morphology. C. Sulfuric acid respiration. slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: bacterium, Flagella can be used to: A.propel the organism through Which of the following characteristics is unique to the stramenopiles ThePaulinellaplastid seems to have arisen independently from a cyanobacteria relatively recently (perhaps in the last 100 million years). [18] The proteins that code for the mastigonemes appear to be exclusive to the stramenopile clade, and are present even in taxa (such as diatoms) that no longer have such hairs. T or F, Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. Most oomycetes produce self-motile zoospores with two flagella. A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds D. They facilitate the spread of Are stramenopiles unicellular or multicellular? 1980. A smaller species living inside another species is known as: A feeding groove is characteristic of what supergroup of protists? E. none of the other options presented, The surface of the cells of some Pseudomonas species are covered in numerous threadlike structures. D. A The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sponges (phylum: Porifera) are animals that possess feeding cells called collar cells. E. They are archaea. Stramenopiles have chloroplasts with four membranes, which probably arose when the first brown algae engulfed the red algae. The evolution of organisms that use oxygen in their respiration was possible only because of the action of a group of bacteria that produced oxygen and changed the Earth's atmosphere from an anoxic one to one rich in oxygen. SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial cells per milliliter. E. Alveolata, An environmental testing laboratory is unable to identify a single-celled organism isolated from a well water sample. D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. Increasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by fertilizer runoff -A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. lichenD. A. N dispersal. decomposers D. They are methanogens. opalines and proteromonads live in the intestines of cold-blooded vertebrates and have been called parasites;[26] C. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were autotrophic. Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. Alveolates contain both photosynthetic lineages, such as Chromera and many dinoflagellates, and non-photosynthetic lineages, such as ciliates, colpodellids, apicomplexans and perkinsids. saprobes. The posterior flagellum is smooth (whiplash flagella), trailing, and shorter, sometimes much reduced. Stramenopiles typically have two flagella of unequal length, the longer one bearing rows of tubular hairs. B. botulism E. mass-settling, The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: A. C. the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source B. kingdoms Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by red algae. -Food webs would be unchanged. C. They are photoautotrophs. B. These cells have a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. A. The final assembled sequence is distributed in 54 scaffolds and the deduced genome is 18.8 Mb in size (16.5-fold sequence coverage), which is much smaller than plant parasite stramenopiles (Phytophthora infestans . The first living cells were most likely The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. Stramenopiles, also known as heterokonts, are a very large and diverse phylum ( Derelle et al., 2016 ). C. Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. What statement is also most likely true about Nostoc? Chlorophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats. Genome sequence of the stramenopile - Genome Biology A. the production and emission of light by organisms They may form a siliceous skeleton or outer calcareous covering called a test.Slender (filose) pseudopodia extend through pores in the test. [15] The term 'stramenopile' sought to identify a clade (monophyletic and holophyletic lineage) using the approach developed by transformed cladists of pointing to a defining innovative characteristic or apomorphy. nutrients that other organisms can use. [19], Most stramenopiles have two flagella near the apex. D. killing harmful insects A. phagotrophic A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled E. They have flagella. each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in each cell fuse to form a D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. E. parasitism, Some microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. Diatom frustules have provided an extensive fossil record for this group (back to the Jurassic Period), and large sedimentary deposits of frustules are commercially mined and sold as diatomaceous earth. identical fused nucleus. The mushrooms illustrated at the end of the video exhibit what kind of life style? D. cyanobacteria because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox and on Stramenopiles are the second group of chromalveolates. [10][11] The name "stramenopile" has been discussed by J. C. C. They break down wastes. Cavalier-Smith 1993, Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999, Phaeophyceae (brown seaweeds) Hansgirg 1886. The other subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. A. it allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the pathogen C. depolarization of land masses. D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. What organisms are in the phylum Euglenozoa? - Erasingdavid.com First, although some phylogenetic analyses support a grouping of Stramenopiles and Alveolates as sister taxa, others cannot resolve the relationships between Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians. symbiosis D. causing cancer E. conjugation, A. B. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) The metacarpophalangeal joints of both index fingers are swollen, stiff, and tender. by: A. Trichomonas vaginalis (b) Write a mass balance for a solution of Fe2(SO4)3\mathrm{Fe}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_3Fe2(SO4)3 if the species are Fe3+,Fe(OH)2+\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})^{2+}Fe3+,Fe(OH)2+,Fe(OH)2+,FeSO4+\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_2^{+}, \mathrm{FeSO}_4^{+}Fe(OH)2+,FeSO4+,SO42\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}SO42, and HSO4\mathrm{HSO}_4^{-}HSO4. Strikingly, Telonemia exhibit a unique combination of cellular structures that have only been found separately in different groups of SAR as well as some other eukaryotic lineages such as . Mrs. Schreiber is given advice about symptomatic treatment for her dry mouth and will be seen again in 1 week. BIO331 Final: Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards | Quizlet C. acting as a flotation device Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. - Volvox aureus C. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce mucilage, allowing them to stick to teeth. E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. E. They have a gram molecular weight of more than 1.0 whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a gram molecular weight of less than 1.0. B. mature cells Explore the definition of stramenopiles, diatoms, brown algae, and golden algae. An unfortunate deer becomes stuck in quicksand at the edge of a lake and dies. C. anthrax B. Spirochaetes They all have mitochondria and reproduce by open fission (mitosis). B. These pigments mitosomes. A. merozoites B. sporozoites C. saprophytes Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. B. TRUE about fungus-like protists and fungi. When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis How do stramenopiles reproduce? heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in B. Common origin of ornithine-urea cycle in opisthokonts and stramenopiles A. E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. gametes, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: yellow fever D. dengue fever E. Lyme disease, Protists are NOT monophyletic. organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. green algae, Protists are NOT monophyletic. This group includes marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms that may be flagellated or amoeboid. E. anaerobic, chemotrophic, eukaryotic. D. Stramenopila Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. David. These large marine algae show a large degree of differentiation with a holdfast that anchors the kelp to the rocky ocean floor, elongated stem-like portions called stipes, and flattened leaf-like portions called blades. micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an A. decay time C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. Organisms in the Protista kingdom include amoebae, red algae, dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglena, and slime molds. C. A slug that died in leaf litter. remain dormant under stressful environments. C. prokaryotic cells that became internal symbionts within an early eukaryotic cell. However, the stricter use of the term Plantae is one that which includes only the land plants and green algae. E. it allows scientists to predict likely hosts of the pathogen using phylogenetic analysis, - stramenopiles Stramenopiles are category of organisms made up of cells with a particular form of chlorophyll. A. B. Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. a hydrogenosome or mitosome). Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, along with Alveolata and Rhizaria. [13] But the same term was used for other groupings of algae. C. it allows the development of drugs that make antibodies against the pathogen Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is a: cause of food poisoning in humans. transferred to chlorophyll a D. It has E. none of the choices provided. This group includes theStramenopiles,Alveolates, andRhizarians. They formed duplication of genes necessary for the survival of the pathogen.
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